Package org.apache.calcite.sql

@DefaultQualifier(value=org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull.class,locations=FIELD) @DefaultQualifier(value=org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull.class,locations=PARAMETER) @DefaultQualifier(value=org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull.class,locations=RETURN) package org.apache.calcite.sql

Provides a SQL parser and object model.

This package, and the dependent org.apache.calcite.sql.parser package, are independent of the other Calcite packages, so may be used standalone.

Parser

SqlParser parses a SQL string to a parse tree. It only performs the most basic syntactic validation.

Object model

Every node in the parse tree is a SqlNode. Sub-types are:

• SqlLiteral represents a boolean, numeric, string, or date constant, or the value NULL.
• SqlIdentifier represents an identifier, such as EMPNO or emp.deptno.
• SqlCall is a call to an operator or function. By means of special operators, we can use this construct to represent virtually every non-leaf node in the tree. For example, a select statement is a call to the 'select' operator.
• SqlNodeList is a list of nodes.

A SqlOperator describes the behavior of a node in the tree, such as how to un-parse a SqlCall into a SQL string. It is important to note that operators are metadata, not data: there is only one SqlOperator instance representing the '=' operator, even though there may be many calls to it.

SqlOperator has several derived classes which make it easy to define new operators: SqlFunction, SqlBinaryOperator, SqlPrefixOperator, SqlPostfixOperator. And there are singleton classes for special syntactic constructs SqlSelectOperator and SqlJoin.SqlJoinOperator. (These special operators even have their own sub-types of SqlCall: SqlSelect and SqlJoin.)

A SqlOperatorTable is a collection of operators. By supplying your own operator table, you can customize the dialect of SQL without modifying the parser.

Validation

SqlValidator checks that a tree of SqlNodes is semantically valid. You supply a SqlOperatorTable to describe the available functions and operators, and a SqlValidatorCatalogReader for access to the database's catalog.

Generating SQL

A SqlWriter converts a tree of SqlNodes into a SQL string. A SqlDialect defines how this happens.

Related Packages

Package	Description
org.apache.calcite	Main package for Calcite, the dynamic data management platform.
org.apache.calcite.sql.advise	Provides hints and corrections for editing SQL statements.
org.apache.calcite.sql.babel	Parse tree for SQL extensions used by the Babel parser.
org.apache.calcite.sql.ddl	Parse tree for SQL DDL statements.
org.apache.calcite.sql.dialect	SQL unparsers for JDBC dialects.
org.apache.calcite.sql.fun	Defines the set of standard SQL row-level functions and operators.
org.apache.calcite.sql.parser	Classes for testing SQL Parser.
org.apache.calcite.sql.pretty	Provides a pretty-printer for SQL statements.
org.apache.calcite.sql.test	Classes for testing SQL.
org.apache.calcite.sql.type	SQL type system.
org.apache.calcite.sql.util	Utility classes for the SQL object model, parsing, and validation.
org.apache.calcite.sql.validate	SQL validation.

Class	Description
ExplicitOperatorBinding	ExplicitOperatorBinding implements SqlOperatorBinding via an underlying array of known operand types.
JoinConditionType	Enumerates the types of condition in a join expression.
JoinType	Enumerates the types of join.
SqlAbstractDateTimeLiteral	A SQL literal representing a DATE, TIME or TIMESTAMP value.
SqlAccessEnum	Access type.
SqlAccessType	SqlAccessType is represented by a set of allowed access types.
SqlAggFunction	Abstract base class for the definition of an aggregate function: an operator which aggregates sets of values into a result.
SqlAlienSystemTypeNameSpec	Represents a type name for an alien system.
SqlAlter	Base class for an ALTER statements parse tree nodes.
SqlArrayWithAngleBracketsNameSpec	A SqlArrayWithAngleBracketsNameSpec to parse or unparse SQL ARRAY type to ARRAY<VARCHAR>.
SqlAsofJoin	Parse tree node representing a ASOF JOIN clause.
SqlAsofJoin.SqlAsofJoinOperator	Describes the syntax of the SQL ASOF JOIN operator.
SqlAsOperator	The AS operator associates an expression with an alias.
SqlBasicCall	Implementation of SqlCall that keeps its operands in an array.
SqlBasicFunction	Concrete implementation of SqlFunction.
SqlBasicTypeNameSpec	A sql type name specification of basic sql type.
SqlBinaryOperator	SqlBinaryOperator is a binary operator.
SqlBinaryStringLiteral	A binary (or hexadecimal) string literal.
SqlCall	A SqlCall is a call to an operator.
SqlCallBinding	SqlCallBinding implements SqlOperatorBinding by analyzing to the operands of a SqlCall with a SqlValidator.
SqlCharStringLiteral	A character string literal.
SqlCollation	A SqlCollation is an object representing a Collate statement.
SqlCollation.Coercibility	A <character value expression> consisting of a column reference has the coercibility characteristic Implicit, with collating sequence as defined when the column was created.
SqlCollectionTypeNameSpec	A sql type name specification of collection type.
SqlCreate	Base class for an CREATE statements parse tree nodes.
SqlDataTypeSpec	Represents a SQL data type specification in a parse tree.
SqlDateLiteral	A SQL literal representing a DATE value, such as DATE '2004-10-22'.
SqlDdl	Base class for CREATE, DROP and other DDL statements.
SqlDelete	A SqlDelete is a node of a parse tree which represents a DELETE statement.
SqlDescribeSchema	A SqlDescribeSchema is a node of a parse tree that represents a DESCRIBE SCHEMA statement.
SqlDescribeTable	A SqlDescribeTable is a node of a parse tree that represents a DESCRIBE TABLE statement.
SqlDescriptorOperator	DESCRIPTOR appears as an argument in a function.
SqlDialect	SqlDialect encapsulates the differences between dialects of SQL.
SqlDialect.CalendarPolicy	Whether this JDBC driver needs you to pass a Calendar object to methods such as ResultSet.getTimestamp(int, java.util.Calendar).
SqlDialect.Context	Information for creating a dialect.
SqlDialect.DatabaseProduct	Rough list of flavors of database.
SqlDialect.FakeUtil	Deprecated.
SqlDialectFactory	Creates a SqlDialect appropriate for a given database metadata object.
SqlDialectFactoryImpl	The default implementation of a SqlDialectFactory.
SqlDialects	Utilities related to SqlDialect.
SqlDrop	Base class for an DROP statements parse tree nodes.
SqlDynamicParam	A SqlDynamicParam represents a dynamic parameter marker in an SQL statement.
SqlExplain	A SqlExplain is a node of a parse tree which represents an EXPLAIN PLAN statement.
SqlExplain.Depth	The level of abstraction with which to display the plan.
SqlExplainFormat	Output format for EXPLAIN PLAN statement.
SqlExplainLevel	SqlExplainLevel defines detail levels for EXPLAIN PLAN.
SqlFilterOperator	An operator that applies a filter before rows are included in an aggregate function.
SqlFunction	A SqlFunction is a type of operator which has conventional function-call syntax.
SqlFunctionalOperator	SqlFunctionalOperator is a base class for special operators which use functional syntax.
SqlFunctionCategory	Enumeration of the categories of SQL-invoked routines.
SqlGroupedWindowFunction	SQL function that computes keys by which rows can be partitioned and aggregated.
SqlHint	A SqlHint is a node of a parse tree which represents a sql hint expression.
SqlHint.HintOptionFormat	Enumeration that represents hint option format.
SqlHopTableFunction	SqlHopTableFunction implements an operator for hopping.
SqlIdentifier	A SqlIdentifier is an identifier, possibly compound.
SqlInfixOperator	A generalization of a binary operator to involve several (two or more) arguments, and keywords between each pair of arguments.
SqlInsert	A SqlInsert is a node of a parse tree which represents an INSERT statement.
SqlInsertKeyword	Defines the keywords that can occur immediately after the "INSERT" keyword.
SqlInternalOperator	Generic operator for nodes with internal syntax.
SqlIntervalLiteral	A SQL literal representing a time interval.
SqlIntervalLiteral.IntervalValue	A Interval value.
SqlIntervalQualifier	Represents an INTERVAL qualifier.
SqlJdbcDataTypeName	Defines the name of the types which can occur as a type argument in a JDBC {fn CONVERT(value, type)} function.
SqlJdbcFunctionCall	A SqlJdbcFunctionCall is a node of a parse tree which represents a JDBC function call.
SqlJdbcFunctionCall.SimpleMakeCall	Converter that calls a built-in function with the same arguments.
SqlJoin	Parse tree node representing a JOIN clause.
SqlJoin.SqlJoinOperator	Describes the syntax of the SQL JOIN operator.
SqlJsonConstructorNullClause	Indicating how JSON constructors handle null.
SqlJsonEmptyOrError	Flag to indicate if the json value is missing or an error is thrown where EmptyOrErrorBehavior is invoked.
SqlJsonEncoding	Supported json encodings that could be passed to a JsonValueExpression.
SqlJsonExistsErrorBehavior	Categorizing Json exists error behaviors.
SqlJsonQueryEmptyOrErrorBehavior	Categorizing Json query empty or error behaviors.
SqlJsonQueryWrapperBehavior	How json query function handle array result.
SqlJsonValueEmptyOrErrorBehavior	Categorizing Json value empty or error behaviors.
SqlJsonValueReturning	Flag to indicate the explicit return type of JSON_VALUE.
SqlKind	Enumerates the possible types of SqlNode.
SqlLambda	A SqlLambda is a node of a parse tree which represents a lambda expression.
SqlLateralOperator	An operator describing a LATERAL specification.
SqlLiteral	A SqlLiteral is a constant.
SqlLiteral.SqlSymbol	Deprecated.
SqlMapTypeNameSpec	Parse SQL MAP type, i.e.
SqlMatchFunction	Base class for all functions used in MATCH_RECOGNIZE.
SqlMatchRecognize	SqlNode for MATCH_RECOGNIZE clause.
SqlMatchRecognize.AfterOption	Options for AFTER MATCH clause.
SqlMatchRecognize.RowsPerMatchOption	Options for ROWS PER MATCH.
SqlMatchRecognize.SqlMatchRecognizeOperator	An operator describing a MATCH_RECOGNIZE specification.
SqlMeasureOperator	The MEASURE wraps an expression in the SELECT clause and tags it as a measure.
SqlMerge	A SqlMerge is a node of a parse tree which represents a MERGE statement.
SqlNode	A SqlNode is a SQL parse tree.
SqlNodeList	A SqlNodeList is a list of SqlNodes.
SqlNullSemantics	SqlNullSemantics defines the possible comparison rules for values which might be null.
SqlNullTreatmentOperator	An operator that decides how to handle null input (RESPECT NULLS and IGNORE NULLS).
SqlNumericLiteral	A numeric SQL literal.
SqlOperandCountRange	A class that describes how many operands an operator can take.
SqlOperator	A SqlOperator is a type of node in a SQL parse tree (it is NOT a node in a SQL parse tree).
SqlOperatorBinding	SqlOperatorBinding represents the binding of an SqlOperator to actual operands, along with any additional information required to validate those operands if needed.
SqlOperatorTable	SqlOperatorTable defines a directory interface for enumerating and looking up SQL operators and functions.
SqlOrderBy	Parse tree node that represents an ORDER BY on a query other than a SELECT (e.g.
SqlOverOperator	An operator describing a window function specification.
SqlPivot	Parse tree node that represents a PIVOT applied to a table reference (or sub-query).
SqlPostfixOperator	A postfix unary operator.
SqlPrefixOperator	A unary operator.
SqlProcedureCallOperator	SqlProcedureCallOperator represents the CALL statement.
SqlRankFunction	Operator which aggregates sets of values into a result.
SqlRowTypeNameSpec	A sql type name specification of row type.
SqlSampleSpec	Specification of a SQL sample.
SqlSampleSpec.SqlSubstitutionSampleSpec	Sample specification that orders substitution.
SqlSampleSpec.SqlTableSampleSpec	Sample specification.
SqlSelect	A SqlSelect is a node of a parse tree which represents a select statement.
SqlSelectKeyword	Defines the keywords which can occur immediately after the "SELECT" keyword.
SqlSelectOperator	An operator describing a query.
SqlSessionTableFunction	SqlSessionTableFunction implements an operator for per-key sessionization.
SqlSetOperator	SqlSetOperator represents a relational set theory operator (UNION, INTERSECT, MINUS).
SqlSetOption	SQL parse tree node to represent SET and RESET statements, optionally preceded by ALTER SYSTEM or ALTER SESSION.
SqlSetSemanticsTableOperator	SetSemanticsTable appears as an parameter in a table function.
SqlSingletonAggFunction	Aggregate function that knows how to convert itself to a scalar value when applied to a single row.
SqlSnapshot	Parse tree node for "FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF" temporal clause.
SqlSnapshot.SqlSnapshotOperator	An operator describing a FOR SYSTEM_TIME specification.
SqlSpatialTypeOperatorTable	Implementation of SqlSpatialTypeOperatorTable containing the spatial operators and functions.
SqlSpecialOperator	Generic operator for nodes with special syntax.
SqlSpecialOperator.ReduceResult	Result of applying PrecedenceClimbingParser.Special.apply(org.apache.calcite.util.PrecedenceClimbingParser, org.apache.calcite.util.PrecedenceClimbingParser.SpecialOp).
SqlSpecialOperator.TokenSequence	List of tokens: the input to a parser.
SqlSplittableAggFunction	Aggregate function that can be split into partial aggregates.
SqlSplittableAggFunction.AbstractSumSplitter	Common splitting strategy for SUM and SUM0 functions.
SqlSplittableAggFunction.CountSplitter	Splitting strategy for COUNT.
SqlSplittableAggFunction.Registry<E>	Collection in which one can register an element.
SqlSplittableAggFunction.SelfSplitter	Aggregate function that splits into two applications of itself.
SqlSplittableAggFunction.Sum0Splitter	Splitting strategy for SUM0 function.
SqlSplittableAggFunction.SumSplitter	Splitting strategy for SUM function.
SqlStateCodes	Deprecated. Use org.apache.calcite.avatica.SqlState
SqlStaticAggFunction	Aggregate function whose value may be a constant expression, based on only the contents of the GROUP BY clause.
SqlSyntax	Enumeration of possible syntactic types of operators.
SqlTableFunction	A function that returns a table.
SqlTableRef	A SqlTableRef is a node of a parse tree which represents a table reference.
SqlTimeLiteral	A SQL literal representing a TIME value, for example TIME '14:33:44.567'.
SqlTimestampLiteral	A SQL literal representing a TIMESTAMP value, for example TIMESTAMP '1969-07-21 03:15'.
SqlTimestampTzLiteral	A SQL literal representing a TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE value, for example TIMESTAMP '1969-07-21 03:15 GMT+00:00'.
SqlTimeTzLiteral	A SQL literal representing a TIME WITH TIME ZONE value, for example TIME WITH TIME ZONE '14:33:44.567 GMT+08'.
SqlTruncate	Base class for an TRUNCATE statements parse tree nodes.
SqlTumbleTableFunction	SqlTumbleTableFunction implements an operator for tumbling.
SqlTypeConstructorFunction	Type Constructor function.
SqlTypeNameSpec	A SqlTypeNameSpec is a type name specification that allows user to customize sql node unparsing and data type deriving.
SqlUnknownLiteral	Literal whose type is not yet known.
SqlUnnestOperator	The UNNEST operator.
SqlUnpivot	Parse tree node that represents UNPIVOT applied to a table reference (or sub-query).
SqlUnresolvedFunction	Placeholder for an unresolved function.
SqlUpdate	A SqlUpdate is a node of a parse tree which represents an UPDATE statement.
SqlUserDefinedTypeNameSpec	A sql type name specification of user defined type.
SqlUtil	Contains utility functions related to SQL parsing, all static.
SqlUtil.DatabaseMetaDataInvocationHandler	Handles particular DatabaseMetaData methods; invocations of other methods will fall through to the base class, BarfingInvocationHandler, which will throw an error.
SqlUuidLiteral	A SQL literal representing an UUID value, for example UUID '123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426655440000'.
SqlValuesOperator	The VALUES operator.
SqlWindow	SQL window specification.
SqlWindowTableFunction	Base class for a table-valued function that computes windows.
SqlWindowTableFunction.AbstractOperandMetadata	Partial implementation of operand type checker.
SqlWith	The WITH clause of a query.
SqlWithinDistinctOperator	An operator that applies a distinct operation before rows are included in an aggregate function.
SqlWithinGroupOperator	An operator that applies a sort operation before rows are included in an aggregate function.
SqlWithinGroupOperator.PercentileDiscCallBinding	Used for PERCENTILE_DISC return type inference.
SqlWithItem	An item in a WITH clause of a query.
SqlWriter	A SqlWriter is the target to construct a SQL statement from a parse tree.
SqlWriter.Frame	A Frame is a piece of generated text which shares a common indentation level.
SqlWriter.FrameType	Frame type.
SqlWriter.FrameTypeEnum	Enumerates the types of frame.
SqlWriter.SubQueryStyle	Style of formatting sub-queries.
SqlWriterConfig	Configuration for SqlWriter and SqlPrettyWriter.
SqlWriterConfig.LineFolding	Policy for how to do deal with long lines.
Symbolizable	Sub-class should be a Enum and can convert to a SqlLiteral.
TableCharacteristic	A table-valued input parameter of a table function is classified by three characteristics.
TableCharacteristic.Builder	Builder for TableCharacteristic.
TableCharacteristic.Semantics	Input table has either row semantics or set semantics.